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What is a Diamond?
Main Index
Diamond is an Isotope of carbon. Simply put it is the most concentrated form of carbon. Except for minor impurities like boron and nitrogen, diamond is composed entirely of carbon.
The common mineral graphite and lonsdaleite are similar forms of carbon. But yet, diamond is the hardest surface known while graphite is exceedingly soft. Diamonds are transparent while graphite is opaque and metallic black. This is due to diamond's unique arrangement of carbon atoms or its crystal structure, the layout that defines any elements fundamental properties. A crystal is a solid body formed from the atomic bonding of individual atoms or molecules in a repeating arrangement. Crystals usually possess smooth external faces.
For all the beauty and complexity of a well-cut diamond, chemically they are the simplest of gemstones: pure carbon, the same as the graphite in a pencil. They are formed when subjected to intense heat and pressure deep within the earth, and are move towards the surface of the earth due to geological events.
Diamonds are the hardest substances found on earth, ranking a 10 on the Mohs' scale of hardness. Therefore they can only be cut by other diamonds. Other special qualities, such as the ability to refract light, enable them to be cut into stunning gems, which are so sought after.
Diamonds suitable as gems are mined all around the world, but the main producers are South Africa and its neighbors. Brazil, Russia and Australia are also key producers. Diamonds come from the mines in the crystalline form, frequently with eight sides. Almost 60 percent of the original crystal is cut away to create a round brilliant diamond suitable to be used in jewelery.
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